The kingdoms of ancient Nubia rivaled the world’s greatest empires for thousands of years. For thousands of years, Nubia’s legendary kings and queens made war with the empires of Egypt and Rome, its jewelry and iron were traded as far away as India and China, and its gold built the temples and tombs of civilizations throughout the Mediterranean. For thousands of years, Nubia and Egypt shared their gods, art, architecture, and trade goods. Nubia’s achievements rivaled the greatest powers of the ancient world. And Nubia’s archaeological remains still dominate the landscapes of southern Egypt and Sudan.